ContainerImage.Pinniped/internal/controller/supervisorconfig/jwks_writer_test.go
Andrew Keesler 82ae98d9d0
Set secret names on OIDCProvider status field
We believe this API is more forwards compatible with future secrets management
use cases. The implementation is a cry for help, but I was trying to follow the
previously established pattern of encapsulating the secret generation
functionality to a single group of packages.

This commit makes a breaking change to the current OIDCProvider API, but that
OIDCProvider API was added after the latest release, so it is technically still
in development until we release, and therefore we can continue to thrash on it.

I also took this opportunity to make some things private that didn't need to be
public.

Signed-off-by: Andrew Keesler <akeesler@vmware.com>
2020-12-15 09:13:01 -05:00

710 lines
22 KiB
Go

// Copyright 2020 the Pinniped contributors. All Rights Reserved.
// SPDX-License-Identifier: Apache-2.0
package supervisorconfig
import (
"bytes"
"context"
"crypto/x509"
"encoding/pem"
"errors"
"io"
"io/ioutil"
"testing"
"time"
"github.com/stretchr/testify/require"
corev1 "k8s.io/api/core/v1"
metav1 "k8s.io/apimachinery/pkg/apis/meta/v1"
"k8s.io/apimachinery/pkg/runtime"
"k8s.io/apimachinery/pkg/runtime/schema"
kubeinformers "k8s.io/client-go/informers"
kubernetesfake "k8s.io/client-go/kubernetes/fake"
kubetesting "k8s.io/client-go/testing"
configv1alpha1 "go.pinniped.dev/generated/1.19/apis/supervisor/config/v1alpha1"
pinnipedfake "go.pinniped.dev/generated/1.19/client/supervisor/clientset/versioned/fake"
pinnipedinformers "go.pinniped.dev/generated/1.19/client/supervisor/informers/externalversions"
"go.pinniped.dev/internal/controllerlib"
"go.pinniped.dev/internal/testutil"
)
func TestJWKSWriterControllerFilterSecret(t *testing.T) {
t.Parallel()
tests := []struct {
name string
secret corev1.Secret
wantAdd bool
wantUpdate bool
wantDelete bool
wantParent controllerlib.Key
}{
{
name: "no owner reference",
secret: corev1.Secret{
ObjectMeta: metav1.ObjectMeta{},
},
},
{
name: "owner reference without correct APIVersion",
secret: corev1.Secret{
ObjectMeta: metav1.ObjectMeta{
Namespace: "some-namespace",
OwnerReferences: []metav1.OwnerReference{
{
Kind: "OIDCProvider",
Name: "some-name",
Controller: boolPtr(true),
},
},
},
},
},
{
name: "owner reference without correct Kind",
secret: corev1.Secret{
ObjectMeta: metav1.ObjectMeta{
Namespace: "some-namespace",
OwnerReferences: []metav1.OwnerReference{
{
APIVersion: configv1alpha1.SchemeGroupVersion.String(),
Name: "some-name",
Controller: boolPtr(true),
},
},
},
},
},
{
name: "owner reference without controller set to true",
secret: corev1.Secret{
ObjectMeta: metav1.ObjectMeta{
Namespace: "some-namespace",
OwnerReferences: []metav1.OwnerReference{
{
APIVersion: configv1alpha1.SchemeGroupVersion.String(),
Kind: "OIDCProvider",
Name: "some-name",
},
},
},
},
},
{
name: "correct owner reference",
secret: corev1.Secret{
ObjectMeta: metav1.ObjectMeta{
Namespace: "some-namespace",
OwnerReferences: []metav1.OwnerReference{
{
APIVersion: configv1alpha1.SchemeGroupVersion.String(),
Kind: "OIDCProvider",
Name: "some-name",
Controller: boolPtr(true),
},
},
},
},
wantAdd: true,
wantUpdate: true,
wantDelete: true,
wantParent: controllerlib.Key{Namespace: "some-namespace", Name: "some-name"},
},
{
name: "multiple owner references",
secret: corev1.Secret{
ObjectMeta: metav1.ObjectMeta{
Namespace: "some-namespace",
OwnerReferences: []metav1.OwnerReference{
{
Kind: "UnrelatedKind",
},
{
APIVersion: configv1alpha1.SchemeGroupVersion.String(),
Kind: "OIDCProvider",
Name: "some-name",
Controller: boolPtr(true),
},
},
},
},
wantAdd: true,
wantUpdate: true,
wantDelete: true,
wantParent: controllerlib.Key{Namespace: "some-namespace", Name: "some-name"},
},
}
for _, test := range tests {
test := test
t.Run(test.name, func(t *testing.T) {
t.Parallel()
secretInformer := kubeinformers.NewSharedInformerFactory(
kubernetesfake.NewSimpleClientset(),
0,
).Core().V1().Secrets()
opcInformer := pinnipedinformers.NewSharedInformerFactory(
pinnipedfake.NewSimpleClientset(),
0,
).Config().V1alpha1().OIDCProviders()
withInformer := testutil.NewObservableWithInformerOption()
_ = NewJWKSWriterController(
nil, // labels, not needed
nil, // kubeClient, not needed
nil, // pinnipedClient, not needed
secretInformer,
opcInformer,
withInformer.WithInformer,
)
unrelated := corev1.Secret{}
filter := withInformer.GetFilterForInformer(secretInformer)
require.Equal(t, test.wantAdd, filter.Add(&test.secret))
require.Equal(t, test.wantUpdate, filter.Update(&unrelated, &test.secret))
require.Equal(t, test.wantUpdate, filter.Update(&test.secret, &unrelated))
require.Equal(t, test.wantDelete, filter.Delete(&test.secret))
require.Equal(t, test.wantParent, filter.Parent(&test.secret))
})
}
}
func TestJWKSWriterControllerFilterOPC(t *testing.T) {
t.Parallel()
tests := []struct {
name string
opc configv1alpha1.OIDCProvider
wantAdd bool
wantUpdate bool
wantDelete bool
wantParent controllerlib.Key
}{
{
name: "anything goes",
opc: configv1alpha1.OIDCProvider{},
wantAdd: true,
wantUpdate: true,
wantDelete: true,
wantParent: controllerlib.Key{},
},
}
for _, test := range tests {
test := test
t.Run(test.name, func(t *testing.T) {
t.Parallel()
secretInformer := kubeinformers.NewSharedInformerFactory(
kubernetesfake.NewSimpleClientset(),
0,
).Core().V1().Secrets()
opcInformer := pinnipedinformers.NewSharedInformerFactory(
pinnipedfake.NewSimpleClientset(),
0,
).Config().V1alpha1().OIDCProviders()
withInformer := testutil.NewObservableWithInformerOption()
_ = NewJWKSWriterController(
nil, // labels, not needed
nil, // kubeClient, not needed
nil, // pinnipedClient, not needed
secretInformer,
opcInformer,
withInformer.WithInformer,
)
unrelated := configv1alpha1.OIDCProvider{}
filter := withInformer.GetFilterForInformer(opcInformer)
require.Equal(t, test.wantAdd, filter.Add(&test.opc))
require.Equal(t, test.wantUpdate, filter.Update(&unrelated, &test.opc))
require.Equal(t, test.wantUpdate, filter.Update(&test.opc, &unrelated))
require.Equal(t, test.wantDelete, filter.Delete(&test.opc))
require.Equal(t, test.wantParent, filter.Parent(&test.opc))
})
}
}
func TestJWKSWriterControllerSync(t *testing.T) {
// We shouldn't run this test in parallel since it messes with a global function (generateKey).
const namespace = "tuna-namespace"
goodKeyPEM, err := ioutil.ReadFile("testdata/good-ec-key.pem")
require.NoError(t, err)
block, _ := pem.Decode(goodKeyPEM)
require.NotNil(t, block, "expected block to be non-nil...is goodKeyPEM a valid PEM?")
goodKey, err := x509.ParseECPrivateKey(block.Bytes)
require.NoError(t, err)
opcGVR := schema.GroupVersionResource{
Group: configv1alpha1.SchemeGroupVersion.Group,
Version: configv1alpha1.SchemeGroupVersion.Version,
Resource: "oidcproviders",
}
goodOPC := &configv1alpha1.OIDCProvider{
ObjectMeta: metav1.ObjectMeta{
Name: "good-opc",
Namespace: namespace,
UID: "good-opc-uid",
},
Spec: configv1alpha1.OIDCProviderSpec{
Issuer: "https://some-issuer.com",
},
}
goodOPCWithStatus := goodOPC.DeepCopy()
goodOPCWithStatus.Status.Secrets.JWKS.Name = goodOPCWithStatus.Name + "-jwks"
secretGVR := schema.GroupVersionResource{
Group: corev1.SchemeGroupVersion.Group,
Version: corev1.SchemeGroupVersion.Version,
Resource: "secrets",
}
newSecret := func(activeJWKPath, jwksPath string) *corev1.Secret {
s := corev1.Secret{
ObjectMeta: metav1.ObjectMeta{
Name: goodOPCWithStatus.Status.Secrets.JWKS.Name,
Namespace: namespace,
Labels: map[string]string{
"myLabelKey1": "myLabelValue1",
"myLabelKey2": "myLabelValue2",
},
OwnerReferences: []metav1.OwnerReference{
{
APIVersion: opcGVR.GroupVersion().String(),
Kind: "OIDCProvider",
Name: goodOPC.Name,
UID: goodOPC.UID,
BlockOwnerDeletion: boolPtr(true),
Controller: boolPtr(true),
},
},
},
}
s.Data = make(map[string][]byte)
if activeJWKPath != "" {
s.Data["activeJWK"] = readJWKJSON(t, activeJWKPath)
}
if jwksPath != "" {
s.Data["jwks"] = readJWKJSON(t, jwksPath)
}
return &s
}
goodSecret := newSecret("testdata/good-jwk.json", "testdata/good-jwks.json")
tests := []struct {
name string
key controllerlib.Key
secrets []*corev1.Secret
configKubeClient func(*kubernetesfake.Clientset)
configPinnipedClient func(*pinnipedfake.Clientset)
opcs []*configv1alpha1.OIDCProvider
generateKeyErr error
wantGenerateKeyCount int
wantSecretActions []kubetesting.Action
wantOPCActions []kubetesting.Action
wantError string
}{
{
name: "new opc with no secret",
key: controllerlib.Key{Namespace: goodOPC.Namespace, Name: goodOPC.Name},
opcs: []*configv1alpha1.OIDCProvider{
goodOPC,
},
wantGenerateKeyCount: 1,
wantSecretActions: []kubetesting.Action{
kubetesting.NewGetAction(secretGVR, namespace, goodSecret.Name),
kubetesting.NewCreateAction(secretGVR, namespace, goodSecret),
},
wantOPCActions: []kubetesting.Action{
kubetesting.NewGetAction(opcGVR, namespace, goodOPC.Name),
kubetesting.NewUpdateAction(opcGVR, namespace, goodOPCWithStatus),
},
},
{
name: "opc without status with existing secret",
key: controllerlib.Key{Namespace: goodOPC.Namespace, Name: goodOPC.Name},
opcs: []*configv1alpha1.OIDCProvider{
goodOPC,
},
secrets: []*corev1.Secret{
goodSecret,
},
wantGenerateKeyCount: 1,
wantSecretActions: []kubetesting.Action{
kubetesting.NewGetAction(secretGVR, namespace, goodSecret.Name),
},
wantOPCActions: []kubetesting.Action{
kubetesting.NewGetAction(opcGVR, namespace, goodOPC.Name),
kubetesting.NewUpdateAction(opcGVR, namespace, goodOPCWithStatus),
},
},
{
name: "existing opc with no secret",
key: controllerlib.Key{Namespace: goodOPC.Namespace, Name: goodOPC.Name},
opcs: []*configv1alpha1.OIDCProvider{
goodOPCWithStatus,
},
wantGenerateKeyCount: 1,
wantSecretActions: []kubetesting.Action{
kubetesting.NewGetAction(secretGVR, namespace, goodSecret.Name),
kubetesting.NewCreateAction(secretGVR, namespace, goodSecret),
},
wantOPCActions: []kubetesting.Action{
kubetesting.NewGetAction(opcGVR, namespace, goodOPC.Name),
},
},
{
name: "existing opc with existing secret",
key: controllerlib.Key{Namespace: goodOPC.Namespace, Name: goodOPC.Name},
opcs: []*configv1alpha1.OIDCProvider{
goodOPCWithStatus,
},
secrets: []*corev1.Secret{
goodSecret,
},
},
{
name: "deleted opc",
key: controllerlib.Key{Namespace: goodOPC.Namespace, Name: goodOPC.Name},
// Nothing to do here since Kube will garbage collect our child secret via its OwnerReference.
},
{
name: "missing jwk in secret",
key: controllerlib.Key{Namespace: goodOPC.Namespace, Name: goodOPC.Name},
opcs: []*configv1alpha1.OIDCProvider{
goodOPCWithStatus,
},
secrets: []*corev1.Secret{
newSecret("", "testdata/good-jwks.json"),
},
wantGenerateKeyCount: 1,
wantSecretActions: []kubetesting.Action{
kubetesting.NewGetAction(secretGVR, namespace, goodSecret.Name),
kubetesting.NewUpdateAction(secretGVR, namespace, goodSecret),
},
wantOPCActions: []kubetesting.Action{
kubetesting.NewGetAction(opcGVR, namespace, goodOPC.Name),
},
},
{
name: "missing jwks in secret",
key: controllerlib.Key{Namespace: goodOPC.Namespace, Name: goodOPC.Name},
opcs: []*configv1alpha1.OIDCProvider{
goodOPCWithStatus,
},
secrets: []*corev1.Secret{
newSecret("testdata/good-jwk.json", ""),
},
wantGenerateKeyCount: 1,
wantSecretActions: []kubetesting.Action{
kubetesting.NewGetAction(secretGVR, namespace, goodSecret.Name),
kubetesting.NewUpdateAction(secretGVR, namespace, goodSecret),
},
wantOPCActions: []kubetesting.Action{
kubetesting.NewGetAction(opcGVR, namespace, goodOPC.Name),
},
},
{
name: "invalid jwk JSON in secret",
key: controllerlib.Key{Namespace: goodOPC.Namespace, Name: goodOPC.Name},
opcs: []*configv1alpha1.OIDCProvider{
goodOPCWithStatus,
},
secrets: []*corev1.Secret{
newSecret("testdata/not-json.txt", "testdata/good-jwks.json"),
},
wantGenerateKeyCount: 1,
wantSecretActions: []kubetesting.Action{
kubetesting.NewGetAction(secretGVR, namespace, goodSecret.Name),
kubetesting.NewUpdateAction(secretGVR, namespace, goodSecret),
},
wantOPCActions: []kubetesting.Action{
kubetesting.NewGetAction(opcGVR, namespace, goodOPC.Name),
},
},
{
name: "invalid jwks JSON in secret",
key: controllerlib.Key{Namespace: goodOPC.Namespace, Name: goodOPC.Name},
opcs: []*configv1alpha1.OIDCProvider{
goodOPCWithStatus,
},
secrets: []*corev1.Secret{
newSecret("testdata/good-jwk.json", "testdata/not-json.txt"),
},
wantGenerateKeyCount: 1,
wantSecretActions: []kubetesting.Action{
kubetesting.NewGetAction(secretGVR, namespace, goodSecret.Name),
kubetesting.NewUpdateAction(secretGVR, namespace, goodSecret),
},
wantOPCActions: []kubetesting.Action{
kubetesting.NewGetAction(opcGVR, namespace, goodOPC.Name),
},
},
{
name: "public jwk in secret",
key: controllerlib.Key{Namespace: goodOPC.Namespace, Name: goodOPC.Name},
opcs: []*configv1alpha1.OIDCProvider{
goodOPCWithStatus,
},
secrets: []*corev1.Secret{
newSecret("testdata/public-jwk.json", "testdata/good-jwks.json"),
},
wantGenerateKeyCount: 1,
wantSecretActions: []kubetesting.Action{
kubetesting.NewGetAction(secretGVR, namespace, goodSecret.Name),
kubetesting.NewUpdateAction(secretGVR, namespace, goodSecret),
},
wantOPCActions: []kubetesting.Action{
kubetesting.NewGetAction(opcGVR, namespace, goodOPC.Name),
},
},
{
name: "private jwks in secret",
key: controllerlib.Key{Namespace: goodOPC.Namespace, Name: goodOPC.Name},
opcs: []*configv1alpha1.OIDCProvider{
goodOPCWithStatus,
},
secrets: []*corev1.Secret{
newSecret("testdata/good-jwk.json", "testdata/private-jwks.json"),
},
wantGenerateKeyCount: 1,
wantSecretActions: []kubetesting.Action{
kubetesting.NewGetAction(secretGVR, namespace, goodSecret.Name),
kubetesting.NewUpdateAction(secretGVR, namespace, goodSecret),
},
wantOPCActions: []kubetesting.Action{
kubetesting.NewGetAction(opcGVR, namespace, goodOPC.Name),
},
},
{
name: "invalid jwk key in secret",
key: controllerlib.Key{Namespace: goodOPC.Namespace, Name: goodOPC.Name},
opcs: []*configv1alpha1.OIDCProvider{
goodOPCWithStatus,
},
secrets: []*corev1.Secret{
newSecret("testdata/invalid-key-jwk.json", "testdata/good-jwks.json"),
},
wantGenerateKeyCount: 1,
wantSecretActions: []kubetesting.Action{
kubetesting.NewGetAction(secretGVR, namespace, goodSecret.Name),
kubetesting.NewUpdateAction(secretGVR, namespace, goodSecret),
},
wantOPCActions: []kubetesting.Action{
kubetesting.NewGetAction(opcGVR, namespace, goodOPC.Name),
},
},
{
name: "invalid jwks key in secret",
key: controllerlib.Key{Namespace: goodOPC.Namespace, Name: goodOPC.Name},
opcs: []*configv1alpha1.OIDCProvider{
goodOPCWithStatus,
},
secrets: []*corev1.Secret{
newSecret("testdata/good-jwk.json", "testdata/invalid-key-jwks.json"),
},
wantGenerateKeyCount: 1,
wantSecretActions: []kubetesting.Action{
kubetesting.NewGetAction(secretGVR, namespace, goodSecret.Name),
kubetesting.NewUpdateAction(secretGVR, namespace, goodSecret),
},
wantOPCActions: []kubetesting.Action{
kubetesting.NewGetAction(opcGVR, namespace, goodOPC.Name),
},
},
{
name: "missing active jwks in secret",
key: controllerlib.Key{Namespace: goodOPC.Namespace, Name: goodOPC.Name},
opcs: []*configv1alpha1.OIDCProvider{
goodOPCWithStatus,
},
secrets: []*corev1.Secret{
newSecret("testdata/good-jwk.json", "testdata/missing-active-jwks.json"),
},
wantGenerateKeyCount: 1,
wantSecretActions: []kubetesting.Action{
kubetesting.NewGetAction(secretGVR, namespace, goodSecret.Name),
kubetesting.NewUpdateAction(secretGVR, namespace, goodSecret),
},
wantOPCActions: []kubetesting.Action{
kubetesting.NewGetAction(opcGVR, namespace, goodOPC.Name),
},
},
{
name: "generate key fails",
key: controllerlib.Key{Namespace: goodOPC.Namespace, Name: goodOPC.Name},
opcs: []*configv1alpha1.OIDCProvider{
goodOPCWithStatus,
},
generateKeyErr: errors.New("some generate error"),
wantError: "cannot generate secret: cannot generate key: some generate error",
},
{
name: "get secret fails",
key: controllerlib.Key{Namespace: goodOPC.Namespace, Name: goodOPC.Name},
opcs: []*configv1alpha1.OIDCProvider{
goodOPC,
},
configKubeClient: func(client *kubernetesfake.Clientset) {
client.PrependReactor("get", "secrets", func(_ kubetesting.Action) (bool, runtime.Object, error) {
return true, nil, errors.New("some get error")
})
},
wantError: "cannot create or update secret: cannot get secret: some get error",
},
{
name: "create secret fails",
key: controllerlib.Key{Namespace: goodOPC.Namespace, Name: goodOPC.Name},
opcs: []*configv1alpha1.OIDCProvider{
goodOPC,
},
configKubeClient: func(client *kubernetesfake.Clientset) {
client.PrependReactor("create", "secrets", func(_ kubetesting.Action) (bool, runtime.Object, error) {
return true, nil, errors.New("some create error")
})
},
wantError: "cannot create or update secret: cannot create secret: some create error",
},
{
name: "update secret fails",
key: controllerlib.Key{Namespace: goodOPC.Namespace, Name: goodOPC.Name},
opcs: []*configv1alpha1.OIDCProvider{
goodOPC,
},
secrets: []*corev1.Secret{
newSecret("", ""),
},
configKubeClient: func(client *kubernetesfake.Clientset) {
client.PrependReactor("update", "secrets", func(_ kubetesting.Action) (bool, runtime.Object, error) {
return true, nil, errors.New("some update error")
})
},
wantError: "cannot create or update secret: some update error",
},
{
name: "get opc fails",
key: controllerlib.Key{Namespace: goodOPC.Namespace, Name: goodOPC.Name},
opcs: []*configv1alpha1.OIDCProvider{
goodOPC,
},
configPinnipedClient: func(client *pinnipedfake.Clientset) {
client.PrependReactor("get", "oidcproviders", func(_ kubetesting.Action) (bool, runtime.Object, error) {
return true, nil, errors.New("some get error")
})
},
wantError: "cannot update opc: cannot get opc: some get error",
},
{
name: "update opc fails",
key: controllerlib.Key{Namespace: goodOPC.Namespace, Name: goodOPC.Name},
opcs: []*configv1alpha1.OIDCProvider{
goodOPC,
},
configPinnipedClient: func(client *pinnipedfake.Clientset) {
client.PrependReactor("update", "oidcproviders", func(_ kubetesting.Action) (bool, runtime.Object, error) {
return true, nil, errors.New("some update error")
})
},
wantError: "cannot update opc: some update error",
},
}
for _, test := range tests {
test := test
t.Run(test.name, func(t *testing.T) {
// We shouldn't run this test in parallel since it messes with a global function (generateKey).
generateKeyCount := 0
generateKey = func(_ io.Reader) (interface{}, error) {
generateKeyCount++
return goodKey, test.generateKeyErr
}
ctx, cancel := context.WithTimeout(context.Background(), time.Second*3)
defer cancel()
kubeAPIClient := kubernetesfake.NewSimpleClientset()
kubeInformerClient := kubernetesfake.NewSimpleClientset()
for _, secret := range test.secrets {
require.NoError(t, kubeAPIClient.Tracker().Add(secret))
require.NoError(t, kubeInformerClient.Tracker().Add(secret))
}
if test.configKubeClient != nil {
test.configKubeClient(kubeAPIClient)
}
pinnipedAPIClient := pinnipedfake.NewSimpleClientset()
pinnipedInformerClient := pinnipedfake.NewSimpleClientset()
for _, opc := range test.opcs {
require.NoError(t, pinnipedAPIClient.Tracker().Add(opc))
require.NoError(t, pinnipedInformerClient.Tracker().Add(opc))
}
if test.configPinnipedClient != nil {
test.configPinnipedClient(pinnipedAPIClient)
}
kubeInformers := kubeinformers.NewSharedInformerFactory(
kubeInformerClient,
0,
)
pinnipedInformers := pinnipedinformers.NewSharedInformerFactory(
pinnipedInformerClient,
0,
)
c := NewJWKSWriterController(
map[string]string{
"myLabelKey1": "myLabelValue1",
"myLabelKey2": "myLabelValue2",
},
kubeAPIClient,
pinnipedAPIClient,
kubeInformers.Core().V1().Secrets(),
pinnipedInformers.Config().V1alpha1().OIDCProviders(),
controllerlib.WithInformer,
)
// Must start informers before calling TestRunSynchronously().
kubeInformers.Start(ctx.Done())
pinnipedInformers.Start(ctx.Done())
controllerlib.TestRunSynchronously(t, c)
err := controllerlib.TestSync(t, c, controllerlib.Context{
Context: ctx,
Key: test.key,
})
if test.wantError != "" {
require.EqualError(t, err, test.wantError)
return
}
require.NoError(t, err)
require.Equal(t, test.wantGenerateKeyCount, generateKeyCount)
if test.wantSecretActions != nil {
require.Equal(t, test.wantSecretActions, kubeAPIClient.Actions())
}
if test.wantOPCActions != nil {
require.Equal(t, test.wantOPCActions, pinnipedAPIClient.Actions())
}
})
}
}
func readJWKJSON(t *testing.T, path string) []byte {
t.Helper()
data, err := ioutil.ReadFile(path)
require.NoError(t, err)
// Trim whitespace from our testdata so that we match the compact JSON encoding of
// our implementation.
data = bytes.ReplaceAll(data, []byte(" "), []byte{})
data = bytes.ReplaceAll(data, []byte("\n"), []byte{})
return data
}
func boolPtr(b bool) *bool { return &b }